Difference between revisions of "3D printing"
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==Process== | ==Process== | ||
| + | The process of printing an object consists of designing or downloading a 3D object (in STL format), slicing it to produce the GCode and printing it. | ||
| + | |||
===Design=== | ===Design=== | ||
| − | OpenSCAD | + | |
| − | Blender | + | ====OpenSCAD==== |
| − | TinkerCAD | + | OpenSCAD is not an interactive modeller. Instead it is something like a 3D-compiler that reads in a script file that describes the object and renders the 3D model from this script file. |
| + | *[http://www.openscad.org/downloads.html Download] | ||
| + | *[http://www.openscad.org/documentation.html Documentation] | ||
| + | |||
| + | ====Blender==== | ||
| + | [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blender_%28software%29 Blender] is a professional free and open-source 3D computer graphics software product used for creating animated films, visual effects, art, 3D printed models, interactive 3D applications and video games. Blender's features include 3D modeling, UV unwrapping, texturing, raster graphics editing, rigging and skinning, fluid and smoke simulation, particle simulation, soft body simulation, sculpting, animating, match moving, camera tracking, rendering, video editing and compositing. Alongside the modeling features it also has an integrated game engine. | ||
| + | *[https://www.blender.org Site] | ||
| + | |||
| + | ====TinkerCAD==== | ||
| + | TinkerCAD is a browser-based 3D solid modelling tool for rapid prototyping known for its simple interface and entry-level ease of use. | ||
| + | *[ Site] | ||
| + | |||
| + | ====Libraries==== | ||
| + | *[http://www.thingiverse.com Thingiverse] | ||
| + | *[http://libre3d.com Libre 3D] | ||
| + | *[http://www.stlfinder.com/ STL Finder] | ||
| + | *[http://www.123dapp.com/Gallery/content/all Autodesk 123D] | ||
===Slicing=== | ===Slicing=== | ||
| − | Positioning | + | To slice an object we open the object file (STL), position it on the bed (rotate, scale) set the settings. |
| − | + | Load the appropriate profile according to material and quality (e.g. ABS medium). | |
| − | Infill | + | |
| − | Perimeters | + | A few things to have in mind before slicing: |
| − | Top & Bottom Layers | + | * ''Positioning'' of the object in order to get the structural strength that you want (Z layers are weaker) and avoid overhangs that require support material. |
| − | Brim | + | * ''Infill'' usually 20% or 40%. Change according to what you print, think of strength and support of top layers. |
| − | Raft | + | * ''Perimeters'' usually 2-4. Think of strength required or possible weak point. |
| + | * ''Top & Bottom Layers'' usually 3. Think of strength required. | ||
| + | * ''Support Material'' if needed and where. | ||
| + | * ''Brim'' to increase the adhesion to the bed. To avoid warping of long objects (especially with ABS). A Brim is attached to your part and extends outward, similar to the brim of a hat. Brims typically have several outlines and may be 1-2 layers tall. Brims are often used to stabilize small parts or “islands” (isolated sections of a model, such as 4 legs of a table) because brims help these delicate areas stay connected to the print bed. | ||
| + | * ''Raft'' A Raft is a horizontal latticework of filament that is located underneath your part. Rafts are primarily used with ABS to help with bed adhesion. Rafts are also used to help stabilize models with small footprints, or to create a strong foundation on which to build the upper layers of your part. | ||
====Software==== | ====Software==== | ||
Revision as of 15:07, 11 November 2015
You can download the slides for a presentation on 3D printing we made for teachers here.
Materials
ABS
ABS (Acrylonitrile Butadiene Styrene) is a common material for 3D printing. Better for making durable parts to withstand higher temperatures. What LEGO bricks are made of. While printing produces harmful fumes.
Extruder Temperature: ~ 230°C Bed Temperature: ~ 85°C Improved Adhesion: UHU, Dissolved ABS in acetone. Smooth: Easy with acetone. Cost: 20 - 30 € / kg
PLA
PLA (Polylactic Acid) is a common material for 3D printing. Considered easy because it sticks easier to the bed and cools down slower. Biodegradable.
Extruder Temperature: ~ 190°C Bed Temperature: ~ 70°C Improved Adhesion: PVA coating Smooth: With ethyl acetate (less dangerous), Tetrahydrofuran and Dichloromethane. Cost: 20 - 30 € / kg
HIPS
High Impact Polystyrene Similar to ABS uses Limonene as a solvent making it good for support material.
Extruder Temperature: ~ 230°C Bed Temperature: ~ 85°C Improved Adhesion: UHU Smooth: Sanding, Limonene Cost: 20 - 25 € / kg
PET
Nylon
NinjaFlex
Cost: ~110€ /kg
LayWood
Cost: ~ 200€ /kg
LayBrick
Cost: ~ 140€ /kg
Conductive PLA
Cost: ~ 200€ /kg
Iron PLA
Cost: ~ 200€ /kg
Steel PLA
Cost: ~ 200€ /kg
Process
The process of printing an object consists of designing or downloading a 3D object (in STL format), slicing it to produce the GCode and printing it.
Design
OpenSCAD
OpenSCAD is not an interactive modeller. Instead it is something like a 3D-compiler that reads in a script file that describes the object and renders the 3D model from this script file.
Blender
Blender is a professional free and open-source 3D computer graphics software product used for creating animated films, visual effects, art, 3D printed models, interactive 3D applications and video games. Blender's features include 3D modeling, UV unwrapping, texturing, raster graphics editing, rigging and skinning, fluid and smoke simulation, particle simulation, soft body simulation, sculpting, animating, match moving, camera tracking, rendering, video editing and compositing. Alongside the modeling features it also has an integrated game engine.
TinkerCAD
TinkerCAD is a browser-based 3D solid modelling tool for rapid prototyping known for its simple interface and entry-level ease of use.
- [ Site]
Libraries
Slicing
To slice an object we open the object file (STL), position it on the bed (rotate, scale) set the settings. Load the appropriate profile according to material and quality (e.g. ABS medium).
A few things to have in mind before slicing:
- Positioning of the object in order to get the structural strength that you want (Z layers are weaker) and avoid overhangs that require support material.
- Infill usually 20% or 40%. Change according to what you print, think of strength and support of top layers.
- Perimeters usually 2-4. Think of strength required or possible weak point.
- Top & Bottom Layers usually 3. Think of strength required.
- Support Material if needed and where.
- Brim to increase the adhesion to the bed. To avoid warping of long objects (especially with ABS). A Brim is attached to your part and extends outward, similar to the brim of a hat. Brims typically have several outlines and may be 1-2 layers tall. Brims are often used to stabilize small parts or “islands” (isolated sections of a model, such as 4 legs of a table) because brims help these delicate areas stay connected to the print bed.
- Raft A Raft is a horizontal latticework of filament that is located underneath your part. Rafts are primarily used with ABS to help with bed adhesion. Rafts are also used to help stabilize models with small footprints, or to create a strong foundation on which to build the upper layers of your part.
Software
Cura Slic3r
Printing
Octoprint